Dynamics and control of cardiac tissue

3D spiral waves

Determination of pre-computed exact steady and time-periodic solutions can be computationally extremely intensive: The cost of the full 3D canine ventricles simulation is 500 supercomputer CPU hours for one cardiac second. However, once these solutions are obtained, they offer a radically new understanding of the spatiotemporally chaotic cardiac dynamics as a walk through a repertoire of corresponding recurrent patterns.